My own communication and interpersonal skills Essay Example for Free

My own communication and interpersonal skills Essay I will be assessing my own communication and interpersonal skills in relation to each interaction. Verbal Communication My placement is at a pre-school, I have good verbal communication as I interact well with the children when I am speaking to them I listen to what their saying when they are speaking to me, I keep an open mind and concentrate on the main direction of the children’s message to me, I avoid distractions to make sure I am effectively listening to them at all times, usually the children speak to me about the toys they are playing with and they tell me about the activities they are doing. For example the in my last one to one interaction I was talking a girl in the nursery about her pets at home and if she looks after them, even though I don’t have any pets I listened to the girl and gave her appropriate feedback and questions. I make sure I am in a comfortable environment so I can hear the children effectively so it’s not noisy; I am always prepared to listen to everything the children say to me. In a one to one interaction I find it easier to communicate verbally as I’m only speaking to one child so I can stay focused on that particular child and what they’re saying to me to make sure I am actively listening to the child, this is an area I communicate well with and many skills in this area improve every time I go. Whereas in group interaction I find verbal communication harder so I need to improve on this, I find it hard to speak to more than one child at a time because they are children they are all speaking at the same time so I am getting a lot of information at the same time I try my best to effectively listen to them but with a lot of information being told to me it’s hard to process the information, I need to improve on this by making sure the children are taking turns so I can listen to them without getting bored. For example in my last group interaction I was making a puzzle with the three children and they were all asking me questions at the same time to I found it hard to listen to all the questions. I also need to improve on the questions I ask the children to make a conversation with them; I ask them questions but then I run out of questions to ask them so then the conversation stops, I should ask more questions that interest the children so my communication skills improve. In a group interaction I am better, so I am good at asking questions as there are more children with more questions to ask me so the  conversation run more better and information is shared quicker and more effectively, compared to a one to one interaction I run out of questions to ask the child as I do not obtain information well. I need to improve on this skill to I can communicate better with a single child to give them more involvement in the conversation. I can respond to questions more effectively as I find it easier to understand the question they have asked me because they are children and the questions are quite simple. I let the children tell me what they want to say to me so I can clarify my info rmation. Reflective speaking I think this skill is something I need to improve on; I do try my best to give the best feedback to the children in both types of interactions. In a one to one interaction I find it easier to communicate as I can understand the child’s message clearly and I am able to give feedback as the how the message is received, however sometimes I struggle to speak back to them if I haven’t understood what they are saying, this skill is vital and I need to improve on it every time I go to placement. In a group I interaction it’s the same with the listening as lots of children are speaking to me at the same time I need more time to process and give feedback but as they are children they get impatient waiting for me, I do have an interest in what the children are saying it’s just a matter of finding balance in my communication and interpersonal skills. Even though I am good at speaking to them effectively but I can’t give them feedback or start a conversation if I struggle to make a conversation but I can speak to the children and make sure they understand what I am saying to them. For example I was speaking to a child about her family and what jobs her mum and dad does but I couldn’t think of what to respond back to her so she got confused even though I did try my best. Non-verbal communication skills My non-verbal communication skills could do with some improvement, when I am communicating one to one my body movements can sometimes show to the child that I am not enjoying a conversation with them I try and show as much interest in possible but sometimes things like my posture if I am slumped while talking to a child it can communicate to them that I have a negative attitude to the conversation. In both types of interaction I struggle to  make eye contact it’s something I need to improve on I often don’t look at the children, in a group interaction I can’t keep eye contact with every child but I try my best to make them realise that I am going to talk to them and to let them know when it is their turn to speak to me, in a one to one I only have one child to focus one so I find this easier to do, however I am still nervous and this is why I struggle to keep eye contact , I think with more confidence I will be able to keep eye contact with the children when I am speaking to them. My closeness towards the children is a thing that I am doing well I make sure I give the appropriate space for the children to feel relaxed and for me to also to feel relaxed to effectively communicate with them. I thing I think I am good at in both type of interactions is my facial expression I always make sure i am smiling at the children to make it seem like I am interested in what they are saying to me so it then makes them realise that I am interested in what they have to say to me it makes sure that my communication with the children is effective. I am also good at gestures I do gestures a lot to express to the children what I am feelings, if I am speaking to them about something exciting I use my hand gestures to show them that I am interested in what they are saying to me. In my one to one to interactions I can focus more on what a child Is saying to me so my hand gestures express to them how I am feelings about what they or saying or what I am saying to them, this is the same with group interactions as I am able to use gestures to what all the children or saying as they are often talking about near enough the same things. However, I need to improve on negotiating with the children, a s they often argue with each other and I find it hard to stop the argument and reach an agreement. I need to make sure a negotiation is best for themselves, this is in a one to one interaction I do not need to negotiate but in a group I need to find common interests so they don’t argue. I need to improve on ending the conversation as I often don’t end the conversation so then the children might still have something they want to say to me, I should tell the children that I am going to go elsewhere so that they know the conversation is over or make it aware by body language or my facial expressions. One of the main things I need to improve on is my communication with the staff; I don’t communicate with the staff much. When they ask me to do something like helping the children wash their hands, I listen effectively and give appropriate feedback this is  something I can do well. But I need to speak to them more if I am unsure of things, but it is the children who I communicate with every time I go, the staffs are busy doing other things and they communicate with me when it is needed. I don’t really need to improve on this but I can talk to the staff and communicate with them if I need to for the benefit of the children. Overall I have more things I need to improve on for my communication and interpersonal skills. I find it easier to communicate in a one to one interaction as it is only one child and I can speak to them better as I am able to process my information faster and give the correct feedback to the child in order for them to understand. In a group interaction there is more than one children speaking to me and sometimes too much information is given to me at once and I can then not give feedback to the children, this is something I need to improve on and this can be done through effective turn taking so the children understand that they need to take turns in communication this will then make my skills better so I will be able to communicate more effective. I am able to stay calm and stay focused when communicating with both the staff and the children this is my main skill that I can do well, but my main skill that I need to improve on is my non-verbal communication skills as this is where I often find myself communicating that I am bored to the children because they can go on for a while and I do get bored of what they are saying so I can fold my arms and yawn portraying bad body language , this is why I need to make sure I am listening to what they are saying, I could ask different questions to change the subject of the conversation to something that I understand better. Good communication and interpersonal skills are vital when I am in my placement setting as I need to communicate well with service user to develop a good relationship with them so they understand what I am saying and for me to give them feedback to them. As I now know the things I need to improve on every time I go to placement I can improve my communication skills with the children and adults in order for my communication and interpersonal skills to be effective. I am going to be evaluating factors that influenced the effectiveness of both the one to one and group interaction. (D1) Effective Factors in one to one interactions Having good confidence– In my one to one interactions I have more confidence  as I am only talking to one child, I felt like I had more control over the conversation as I only had to deliver information to and from the person. Only talking to one child made me less anxious and nervous and I was speaking clearly and calmly as my nerves weren’t making me stumble on my words so this meant that the child could understand what I was saying so she was able to give me good feedback and I was able to respond without feeling anxious that I was going to mess up. My good confidence influenced my communication to make it better because I felt like I was enjoying the conversation instead of it being all over the place this enabled the conversation to run more smoothly and fun. Only having one child to speak to doesn’t overwhelm me with information so as I said earlier I had more control over what I was saying to the child and what I would respond so it made me feel better a bout the communication I was saying so I could then think of more questions to ask so the conversation between me and the child would last longer. It also helped that the child I was speaking to had good confidence she’s outgoing and she always has something to say to me so this influenced the effectiveness of the interactions because she wasn’t quiet and this helped me to speak to her so it didn’t effect my nerves as she kept asking me questions so it made the conversation more enjoyable. Knowing the child well– In my one to one interactions I speak to a child I know best, a child that I feel more comfortable speaking to because I speak to them a lot compared to the other children. It helps me because if I know the child then I have more things that I know about them e.g. favourite singers or their favourite foods, so I can then speak to them about a specific thing that they like to talk about then that child speaks to me a lot about that, so I am then able to respond better as I already know things about the child from previous conversations. The conversation is influenced by this as my confidence is better when I speaking to them because I know them better and I know how they interact with me so this then enables me to be more engaged with that child. As I know more things about them I can ask them questions related to something they like so they feel happier speaking to me about it as it excites them to tell me more about it so I more information is given and the conversations runs more effectively. When I child knows me better it helps as they then feel more comfortable speaking me as they know who I am so when I’m having a conversation with the child like in my last one to one  interactions we are happier speaking to each other so we are more likely to find common interests and make the communication more effective as we can listen better to each other and respond better. Environmental factors good amount of space- In my one to one interactions I have more space a around me as I am only talking to one child compared to several in a group interaction. Having more space around me made me more relaxed and comfortable to talk to the child as I don’t feel like I am consumed to one area, this makes me more less nervous when I’m speaking to a child as I know that I have more space around me to express how I’m feeling in a conversations through gestures and this can make a conversation more funnier. Having personal space around me means I can move around while I’m speaking to a child and I can do some actions to get the child more involved. Space influenced the effectiveness in my one to one interactions as when I have a good amount of personal space around me I can think my thoughts through better without getting paranoid that I don’t have enough space this enables me to deliver my information clearly and effectively so the child understand what I am saying to them. The amount of space I have is always at a reasonable amount as there is only one child, so this means I can effectively respond to what the child’s saying to me without getting panicked and I can then think of more questions to ask so this means that the communication is effective. Also this meant that the child had space to talk to me effectively so she didn’t get panicked that she didn’t have enough space to move around like through her gestures, so we were able to speak to each other clearly and all these reasons enabled me to communicate effectively with the child. Environmental, Good noise level When I’m having my one to one interaction with a child the room has some background noise but its fairly quiet and it makes sure I am able to concentrate on the children without getting distracted by other noises that the staff or children could be making, I can listen to them effectively to them as the noise is at a respectable level, as I am listening to them effectively the conversation runs faster and more smoothly. Being able to hear everything the child is saying helped them to understand what I was saying to them therefore I gave them appropriate feedback. It also allowed me not to misunderstand anything the child said to me so I didn’t make mistakes in what I said back to them so this influenced the effectiveness of my  communication between the child as it helped me to have full concentration on everything the child was saying, as the room was at a good noise level and the information to be delivered effectively and me and the child was able to carry on the conversation without the noise level being to loud, as it was just one child I could understand what she was saying to me as she was close to me so the noise levels were good so I was relaxed and so was the child so it made our communication effective as we were ab le to talk more freely. Group interactions Questions being planned out – In my group interaction there was four children in the group and all of them were confident and they each had lots of questions to ask me and each other. On child asked a question to me and I was able to answer it effectively as the questions were straightforward and every child on the table understood them so they were able to effectively listen to the question and they all responded well, this allowed the conversation to run smoothly without any arguments happening as the children all agreed on the questions and they were interested in them so it made the conversation more enjoyable so it was effective as all children participated because they were interested in the questions being asked or explained. Having the questions being planed out before hand allowed me to have some kind of structure to what I was going to ask so I had a basic idea of how the children would respond and how I would respond to them, I looked at what children was in the gro up and what type of questions they would enjoy answering to help the communication be effective, this then made sure no-one was left not knowing what to say as I always had a back up question. Once one child asked a question all the rest of the children thought of a question to ask as it related to the first question, so they all took turns and asked their questions it influenced the effectiveness of the interaction as questions were being asked so more information was being shared and the communication was effectively being listened and responded to. I had some good questions to ask the children and they were all interested in them so they listened to what I was saying and if a child got stuck on a question I aided them along. Having good and relatable question effectively helped the conversation as the more information was being responded to, as the children understood and were interested in what was being asked the listen nicely to  other children’s answers, I was listening to the children and giving good feedback and the overall conversation was enjoyable and fun and all the children were interacting well with me and each other from the questions said. Me bein g the group leader – As I was talking to a small group I was in charge of the conversation as I was the oldest and the most responsible in the group. Having a group leader helped me to have control of the conversation as I was able to help the children if they were struggling with the activity I was doing to I guided them through step by step so they understood what they had to do. When we had a group discussion I guided the group and made sure that everyone was having a turn so it was a fair conversation and it gave chance for other children to think of something to say. I had control over the conversation so when the children started disagreeing with each other I can stop them from arguing so this made sure that the conversation was running smoothly and calmly without arguments. I made sure that the if a child wasn’t speaking much I prompted them to speak so everything was fair and in order, and when the children went of topic I could ask a question to that was related to what we were previously speaking to, me being their made sure that the communication was effective as it could make sure that the children were listenin g to each other and responding to each effectively so I could make the group function better without the children getting frustrated. For example, I was making sparkles with my group and I talked them through step by step and made sure that they were sharing out the equipment fairly without them arguing with each other so I could effectively communicate and that they could listen and respond with each other, all these reasons helped me to effectively guide the group conversation so the communication was effective, so I was effectively interacting, listening and speaking to them as a group leader and that they were effectively listening and speaking to me. As a group leader me smiling and being open armed encouraged the children to participate with me as I was the group leader so they were looking up to me. Having a good amount of time to speak – In my group interactions I have a good amount of time to listen to what the children are saying to me, having a good amount of time to listen to the children allows to think through what I am saying and what I will say to them without being rushed by other things tha t are happening. I also allows the children to have enough time to listen to what I am saying  so they didn’t misunderstand what I was saying to them, this influenced the effectiveness of the conversation as having time to communicate made things not rushed so I was more relaxed when speaking to the children. I could then speak to the group of children without feeling that I had to rush things with them so I was speaking clearly, as it was a group and there was more then one person having an effective time to communicate helped me to speak to all of the children and it made sure everyone had a turn so there was no arguing. I was able to clarify my information so it was correct and it helped me and the children as I wasn’t anxious about what I was saying, my body language showed that I was relaxed and I was interacting well with the children, having enough time to do the discussion/activity with the children helped me to not rush things and it influenced the communication as it was pla nned out well and everyone was listening and responding well to each other. Having common interests – In my group interaction, picked a group of children that were all doing the same activity which was playing with the dinosaurs, I then went over and started to talk to the children and asked them questions like ‘what is your favourite dinosaurs’ and ‘what shall we call this dinosaur’, this influenced the communication as they were all doing the same thing so all the children were interested in what I was asking them, so this helped the conversation to flow better as more information was being delivered from each child. As I was interested in what they were playing with so I listened well to the children and then I responded well to them to keep the interested, having common interests helped the effectiveness of my group interaction as everyone was interested in the topic of the conversation so it made me and the children more relaxed. My good confidence, knowing the child well, having a good amount of space and it not being noisy influenced the effectiveness of my one to one interactions they each helped in different ways and they allowed me to have good listening and speaking skills as well as portraying good non-verbal communication skills. They helped me to understand the child better and to give good feedback to him/her. Questions, common interests, having enough time and me being a group leader all influenced the effectiveness of my interactions with four children in different ways, having more children to speak and listen helped me in some ways compared to my one to one interactions, but all these factors helped me to communicate  better with the children and for them to communicate with me. References Sheet given in class on what to do for the tasks (Accessed 08/12/14) PowerPoint on learning box – ‘Barriers to effective communication’ (Accessed 08/12/14)

Leaf-cutting Ants Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

One of the most little known species of ants in North America is the leaf-cutter ant. This is mainly because it lives in tropical environments and it is not aggressive to animals or humans if not disturbed. The leaf cutting ant is a social insect. Alone the ant is virtually helpless but with the colony it can be a thing feared by animal and human alike. The leaf-cutting ants have a very important role in the tropical forest. They create and manipulate the environment around them. They also can do major damage. The leaf-cutting or fungus-growing ants are distributed from northern Texas to central Argentina. These ants are injurious since they cut the green vegetation from trees, shrubs and crops, and carry it into the nest, where they cultivate fungi on it. They have been known to denude a tree or ornamental plants in one night. It has been estimated they do $1 billion damage per year in North and South America today, these ants still cause millions of dollars in crop losses in many South American countries. Although primarily an agricultural pest, this insect on occasion may invade the home for cereals. In the United States, the Texas leaf-cutting ant, Atta texana , occurs in Texas and Louisiana. This ant is believed to cause a total yearly loss of $5 million in the United States (unison services. 1998).There are about 9,500 named species of ants. These ants are divided into 16 sub families and 300 genera, all which belong to the family called Formicidae, the family of ants (Hoyt. 1996). The leaf cutting ant belongs to the genus called Atta. There are fifteen different species of Atta and all are limited to the new world (Holldobler & Wilson, 1994). The leaf-cutter ant looks pretty much like a regular ant in North America except that it is a little bigger than most ants. Looking at the ant in the untrained eye a person usually perceives that it is a primitive organism. Looks can be deceiving. The leaf-cutter ant is a complex superorganism unique social, environmental, and food gathering behavior.The anatomy of the leaf-cutter ant is pretty simple. It has a one segment "waist" (pedicel) between thorax and abdomen. Sharp spines on waist and backward from head. Antennae 11-segmented very long and elbowed without distinct club. The legs are very long. This ant can be light to dark reddish brown (Smith. 1997).The leaf-cutter at is just li... ...vailable : <a href="http://entowww.tamu.edu/extension/bulletins/uc/uc-033.html">http://entowww.tamu.edu/extension/bulletins/uc/uc-033.htmlUnison Services. "The Leaf Cutting Ant or Fungus-Growing Ants." 4 Jan. 1998. Available : <a href="http://www.unisonservices.com/leafcuttingant.html">http://www.unisonservices.com/leafcuttingant.html.Vasconcelos, H.L. 1997. Foraging activity of an Amazonian leaf-cutting ant: responses to changes in the availability of woody plants and to previous plant damage. Oecologia 112: 370-378Vasconcelos, H., and Cherrett J. 1997. Leaf-cutting ants and early forest regeneration in central Amazonia: effects of herbivory on tree seedling establishment, Journal of Tropical Ecology 13: 357-370Weber, V.A. (1972) Gardening Ants, the Attines. American Philosphical Society. Philadelphia.Whitehouse, M., and Jaffe, K. 1996. Ant wars: combat strategies, territory and nest defense in the leaf- cutting ant Atta Laevigata. Anima l Behavior 51: 1207-1217Wirth, R., Beyschlag, W., and Ryel, J. 1997. Annual foraging of the leaf-cutting ant Atta colombica in a semideciduous rain forest in Panama. Journal of Tropical Ecology 13: 741-757

“Federal Reserve” Bailouts will Devalue the Dollar

Since at least August of 2008, the privately owned Federal Reserve family of members banks are being bailed out by the US taxpayer. Some financial writers such as Rodgers (2008) hold that the bailout has been occurring for far longer, but at least as far as the rather timid news media are concerned, the â€Å"public† side of the bailouts has occurred since September of 2008. This will lead to a serious devaluation of an already devalued dollar. The reasons and theory will be described in the body of this paper.The basics are the following: after years of reckless lending and irresponsible spending by the public, the value of major investments, especially real estate, was dangerously overvalued. Continuing high returns gave banks incentives, at all levels, to extend credit with few controls, leading to the inevitable crunch that many mainstream writers claimed would never happen. The result, predictably, is that the larger institutions such as the major insurance form AIG, were to be bailed out.The mechanism for this bail out is rather simple: the â€Å"toxic† paper held by the private banks are to be exchanged for marginally less toxic paper from the Treasury. However, this paper has no value unless the Federal Government could borrow the money. At the moment, there is an inexplicable international trust in the American government to forward the money, but the official $800 billion figure is far from the truth. Far more money is needed, and has been invested in this scam already. The arguments in favor of the bailout are poor and contrived.They seem to revolve around the argument that if the major institutions fail, the shocks through the economy would be so bad as to affect even the most marginal taxpayer in America. With major bank and insurance failures, the ordinary man in the street would be severely affected. Hence, the bailout is meant to protect the taxpayer. In addition, the argument also tacks on the addendum that the paper taken from th e failing institutions will eventually be resold on the international markets once the crisis has passed and some level of confidence bas been regained (Warring, 2008).This argument is very poorly thought out, since, by the same token, one’s boss should have his debts paid by the US taxpayer since his failure would lead to his employees losing their jobs. Hence, his debts should be paid. The argument against the bailout is equally simple: it continually places the economy at the mercy of borrowed money, and, more importantly, that the people who helped create this crisis are precisely the same ones that are being rewarded through bailouts.It is fundamentally undemocratic and oligarchic in that the ordinary taxpayer in debt receives foreclosure, while the elite receive taxpayer money. Lastly, and more importantly relative to this essay, the continuing bailouts of the major economic players will dangerously increase the money supply and lead to hyperinflation (Warring, 2008). I n dealing with the question of inflation and the fall of the dollar, the nature of the Federal Reserve institution needs to be dealt with. First of all, the Fed was created in 1913 as a private institution, not a part of the federal government.Its member banks, according to Standard and Poor, are the Rothschild dynasty in London, the Seif dynasty in Italy, Lehman Bros in New York (allowed to fail in September), Chase Manhattan and Goldman Sachs, both in New York. While some may protest that the executive branch has some appointative power over the Fed, the reality is that the above firms are some of the most generous with their money in presidential campaigns, and the Federal Election Commission reports that Goldman Sachs was the leading campaign contributor to both Obama and McCain campaigns, with $4 million to Obama and almost $1.5 million to McCain (Open Secret Reports, 2009). Hence, it needs to be mentioned straight forward that the Fed banks are self governing and help elect th e president in the first place. Hence, given the makeup of the Fed’s board, little discussed outside the web, one can see that the bailout is over not merely the American financial sector, but the globe’s. The significance of the fed relative to dollar devaluation is that whatever the US government cannot raise though loans, itself repressive of the dollar’s value and repressive of international confidence, must be printed by the Federal Reserve members banks.In more detail, the situation looks like this: The Federal Reserve international financial board of governors decided to increase the Monetary Base (MB) of the country last year. The MB is defined as the total amount of money in circulation plus the reserve of the members banks. This came to $1. 4 trillion by last December, coming up from $800 billion a month prior (Engdahl, 2008). With this, banks still did not want to lend, and confidence did not increase. Hence, there is a huge pool of liquid that is for cing the dollar down that is not restoring confidence.This in part is because the US is broke, also in part that the amount of dollars held by foreign investors in China, the Arab World, Russia and India is a massive amount, continuing a downward pressure on the dollar and threatening the US with severe depression if these states decided to dump even a fraction of these dollars on the market. Is it possible that the bailout is really designed to give confidence to foreign governments and private banks who are thinking of purging their dollar reserves and moving to Euros?The reality is that if there is a threat of devaluation, then states and investors might be induced to sell, creating a panic and bottoming out the currency. Since the Fed will not disclose the recipients of the loans, and, further, the Treasury department will not disclose the nature of the toxic paper they are buying, there is no rebounding in confidence, hence, the dollar looks terrible in international eyes. Henc e, the Fed, realizing the state, which backs the dollar in the first place, has no money to lend, will merely print the money to fill the gap (Engdahl, 2008).Hence, given the stagnant MP, plus the fact that the bailout is being financed by foreign borrowing and by printing, there is no question that the dollar will fall. Since 2000, the dollar has lost 40% of its value against the Euro. In the chart below, the dollar is compared with the Euro during the bailout from 28 December 2007 to 27 January 2008. The below graph does indicate some recovery of the dollar against te Euro, but there can be no doubt as to the long term weakness of the US currency.Apparently, there is some mild increase in confidence that the bailout might make the US economy more solvent, but the below information is too limited for a full understanding. From the beginning of the bailout until mid November of last year, the US debt increased almost $958 billion. Add to this the record breaking trade deficit of alm ost $1 trillion, and the dollar is in serous trouble. The increase in public debt due to the bailout out is destroying the dollar’s value. According to Asia News (2008), the US is now committed to over $8.95 trillion dollars to the bailout. The total US economy was roughly $13 billion, with the full debt at about $10 trillion. About 61% of this debt was held by foreign investors, the majority Asian. Since trillions of dollars are held by Asian investors, and debt in the US (both private and public) reaches levels of complete insolvency, the Asians will insist on eliminating dollars as a method of doing business and hence, the dollar will not only loose value, but collapse, leading to a crisis of Argentinian proportions in 2009 (Asia News, 2008).This year, the same author at Asia News writes: â€Å"But Asia now understands that the increase of money supply decreases the intrinsic value of a currency. That is why China is seeking a possible and rational attempt to decouple Asi an currencies from the dollar, as recent news stories report. (Asia News, 2009). Hence, the math is simple: too many dollars in circulation, too much printing by the Fed to create the bailout liquidity means the devaluation and eventual collapse of the dollar, and the US taxpayer is powerless over the private Fed as well as the foreign investors that are publically now saying they will eliminate dollar reserves.The reality is this: once there is a sense that a country is insolvent, and that it simply cannot pay its debts, compounded by a massive bailout that the country cannot possibly finance on its own, investors run to get rid of dollars. Even worse, capital fight can result, where money begins leaving the insolvent country, in this case the US, investing instead in Russia, China, Thailand or the EU. Hence, the bailout is merely the tail end of a long fall in th US dollar, a powerful symbol of the US government and corporate governance to control investment and spending.

The English Liquor Is A Liquor Brand Produced By Miller...

Olde English liquor is a malt liquor brand produced by Miller Products that was established in 1964. Malt liquor is a strong lager or ale in which sugar, corn or other aides are added to the malted barley to boost the total amount of fermentable sugars and consequently boost the concluding alcohol concentration without creating a heavier or sweeter taste. Malt liquor is beer with a much higher alcohol content which contributes to higher alcohol addiction. Legally, it often includes any alcoholic beverage with 5% or more alcohol by volume made with malted barley. Initially it was sold in small sizes (16 and 20 ounce bottles) until the introduction of the 40 ounce in 1980. The average 40 ounce is sold for $2.69 making it very affordable for†¦show more content†¦Our Code requires compliance with MillerCoors policies, guidelines and the law including anti-corruption and bribery laws that apply to our work, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Bribery Act. MillerCoors employees are responsible for understanding and following the Code and are required to annually complete training and affirm the Code. The principles in our Code also apply to all MillerCoors officers and directors. There is also a section dedicated to social responsibility. Social responsibility is defined as an ethical agenda and suggests that an organization or individual has an obligation to act for the benefit of society at large; specifically in the communities it serves. This company has only had negative impacts on the communities, at which it is sold in, contributing the increase of urban youth drinking as well as alcoholism in urban communities. This section proves to be the most interesting. It statement is as follows: We self-regulate our marketing and advertising to ensure all materials primarily reach legal-drinking-age audiences and meet our rigorous internal standards. We adhere to the Beer Institute Advertising and Marketing Code and our own stringent marketing compliance standards. We fully participate in periodic industry-wide investigations conducted by the Federal Trade Commission. Every two years we train our advertising agency partners and conduct in-depth training with all sales and

Adoption of Animals Essay - 1808 Words

Adoption of Animals Anyone, who visits an animal shelter, as I do, sees an extraordinary number of beautiful, affectionate, and desperate dogs and cats. The majority of animals in any particular shelter are dogs, usually adults, for whom there arent enough adoptive homes waiting. A few may have come from responsible breeders, whose owners do not realize that the breeder will take them back,many are those who are lost, and/or from owners who simply got tired of them. Some are pet shop puppies from a puppy mill that did not meet the owners expectations due to health, temperament, or other reasons. A large number usually turn out to be the result of deliberate and irresponsible home breeding. These people are known as back-yard†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, breeders, pet stores, and many ordinary individuals do not realize that their choice not to spay or neuter their animal is causing millions of animals to be euthanized every year in the United States.Shermerhorn notes that only one in six shelter animals will find a new home (4). Any consciencious person knows that you do not have to look far to find advertisements for free puppies or kittens,especially in the lower socio-economic areas. Many people decide to have dogs so that they can breed them in order to make a few dollars, fight them, or show their children the miracle of birth. It is frightening to imagine that the millions of unwanted animals roaming the streets and occupying shelters are the result of human ignorance, selfishness, and irresponsibility. What is more devastating is that the children of such individuals will continue the same vicious cycle. Pet rescue organizations continue to do a lot in helping to place existing unwanted, abandoned, and mistreated animals into good homes, however not much is being done to prevent pet overpopulation. Simply venting my frustrations to fellow animal lovers only made me increasingly bitter and resentful of the many adults who should know better.All adults have a responsibility to their children and the community around them, regardless of whether they like itShow MoreRelatedAnimal Adoption, the Price of Love Essay889 Words   |  4 Pagesunconditional love of an animal is one of the best feelings, second only to a child. An animal will bring years of happiness, laughs, kiss, hugs, and love. When it comes time to add a furry 4-legged pet to a family, adopting from a local animal shelter is a better option instead of buying from a private breeder. An animal adopted from a local animal shelter obtains a second chance of life instead of dying like the three million euthanized animals. Adopti ons gives an animal a second chance at lifeRead MorePet Adoption741 Words   |  3 Pages Pet Adoption Many people have different thoughts on adoption. Such as why adoption is a good thing not only for the animal but also the owner, if each dog deserves a second chance, and if there should be kill shelters. Adoption is good for both the animal and the owner, by adopting an animal is gives them a new home that they deserve. Adoption gives the owner a sense of what the animal has gone through, which sometimes helps understand the way the animal may act and can help find ways to trainRead MoreAdoption Programs Help Increase Dog Adoptions1191 Words   |  5 PagesMany people understand the awful living conditions in animal shelters. Upon entering, one immediately notices the stench of unwashed animals, the dirt and grime that coat the walls, and the pleading, desperate faces of the inhabitants. While this is a serious issue, there is a far more important one at hand: the euthanization, or killing, of healthy animals in shelters. In a population chart of dogs in the United States, â€Å"over a third (2.4 million) died in shelters†(Ortega-Pacheco Jimà ©nez-CoelloRead MorePet Friendly By Sue Pethick1324 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal companionship is available through many choices and may include such examples as furry, four legged creatures or those that may slither and frighten even the most ardent animal lover. Still, the mutual bond that forms between owner and guardian transcends the daily duties associated with pet ownership. These emotional relationships are corroborated through personal stories and often presented in heartwarming movies and novels. Pet Friendly by Sue Pethick utilizes an encouraging theme to embodyRead MoreImpressive Visit to Nebraska Humane Society Essay801 Words   |  4 Pageslargest shelter facility in Nebraska. Currently, NHS can house a minimum of 500 animals, including dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, bunnies, and non-venomous reptiles. Online the NHS showcases various horses and donkeys that currently live in volunteer foster homes, awaiting adoption. NHS not only provides a safe, warm environment for animals in need, they also provide a variety of other services such as, adoption programs, pet daycare, obedience classes, cremation services, spray/neuter programsRead MoreThe Cold Animal War Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe cold animal war There is a fight that has been made public and has steadily been growing. The fight or war as I like to call it, is should animal mills be dealt away with or should they stay where they are? I hear constantly that I should not by an animal from a mill. I am told that we have enough animals in this world. Here is the thing though lots of people enjoy getting a new animal. Especially if that animal is a â€Å"pure breed†. So the argument ensues. There are two clear sides, one side saysRead MorePet Friendly By Sue Pethick1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal companionship is provided through many choices and may include such examples as furry, four legged creatures or those that may slither and frighten even the most ardent animal lover. Still, the mutual bond that forms between owner and guardian transcends the daily duties associated with pet ownership. These emotional relationships are corroborated through personal stories and are often presented in heartwarming movies and novels . Pet Friendly by Sue Pethick utilizes an encouraging theme toRead MorePet Friendly By Sue Pethick1107 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal companionship is provided through many choices and may include such examples as furry, four legged creatures or those that may slither and frighten even the most ardent animal lover. Still, the mutual bond that forms between owner and guardian transcends the daily duties associated with pet ownership. These emotional relationships are corroborated through personal stories and are often presented in heartwarming movies and novels. Pet Friendly by Sue Pethick utilizes an encouraging theme toRead MorePet Friendly By Sue Pethick1403 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal companionship is available through many choices and may include such examples as furry, four legged creatures or those that may slither and frighten even the most ardent animal lover. Still, the mutual bond that forms between owner and guardian transcends the daily duties associated with pet ownershi p. These emotional relationships are corroborated through personal stories and often presented in heartwarming movies and novels. Pet Friendly by Sue Pethick embodies one example by utilizing anRead MoreAnimal Shelter Reflection Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagespity a shelter animal. When I decided to become a Veterinary Technician, I anticipated working in a vet office. Unpredictably, I changed my mind. Approximately a year ago, I began volunteering for the Denver Dumb Friends League at the Buddy Center in Castle Rock. A shelter is not always the easiest place to work. Nevertheless, I feel it is where I feel most able to make a difference. There is plenty of heartache, but I seem to have a knack for calming and comforting the frightened animals, and that makes

An Analysis Of Ann s Valley With No One - 2124 Words

After nuclear war had left the world outside Burden Valley lifeless and Ann’s family had left and never returned, Ann Burden lived alone in ‘her’ valley with no one but herself and a few books to learn from. For a whole year Ann had believed she was the only person left in the world and never dared to leave the safety of her valley scared of what may be beyond the ridge. During that year of isolation many aspects of Ann’s personality had assisted her as she built her life alone and allowed her to remain safe when a stranger entered her valley. Ann had become self-sufficient using everything she had access to in the valley with great caution. She had grown to become very independent with no one else to rely on and portrayed an†¦show more content†¦The supplies that Ann was unable to grow herself came from the valley’s shop although she knew there would only be a limited supply therefore she used them very sparingly and made sure she always ha d a plan for the future. She planned to begin growing sugar and wheat once the store’s supply ran out as well as planning to breed the cows for a continuous supply of milk. Ann’s independent nature soon grew into a large part of her personality and allowed her to overcome many situations that would otherwise be challenging. Another aspect of Ann’s personality that guided her to become independent and fend for herself was her intelligence and open mindedness. All of Ann’s actions were very cleverly thought out and she always looked at the bigger picture rather than only focusing on the present. When the stranger first arrived in Ann’s valley she immediately saw him as a threat and decided to watch him from a distance until she understood his intentions rather than rushing out to face something unknown. â€Å"I decided not to show myself. I can always change my mind later.† When the stranger fell sick after swimming in radiated water Ann caut iously revealed her existence to him and as she slowly began to get to know him, she discovered his name, John Loomis. Throughout his sickness Ann juggled caring for him whileShow MoreRelatedSouth America, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Nevada, California Mexico1494 Words   |  6 Pagesmay be required [3]. Coccidioidomycosis infection can also spread to the central nervous system [2]. The first patients suffering from Coccidioidomycosis were described over a hundred years ago. The patients had travelled through the San Joaquin Valley, an endemic area, and they were suspected of contracting San Joaquin fever [4]. It was not until 1936 that the disease was discovered to be due to a fungus. At the time, central California had the highest prevalence of cases [4]. In the 1950s andRead MorePerformance Evaluation Of Ofdm System Using Non Linear Companding Transform1750 Words   |  7 PagesRatio by introducing the variable slopes parameters K1, K2 and inflexion points A (A0) and CA (0C1) i n the probability density function in the Non Linear Companding Transform Technique then based on the inflexion point and variables parameter analysis, the performances of two incompatible features PAPR and Bit Error rate can be achieved. Selection of Non Linear Companding transform parameters plays an essential role as overall performance, robustness depends on it. The proposed theoretical workRead MoreOld Money Trumps New Money: Understand how Old Wealth Works1434 Words   |  6 Pagesand how many people were in the United States at that time. In the 19th century there were over a hundred million people in the United States, and over two million of them were unemployed (White). An individual, who was broke in the era of the 1920’s, looking at the rich dance away with their wealth, can relate to James Gatz ( real name of Gatsby) and how he did not like to acknowledge his limitations in his poverty state. He explained to Nick Carraway (who later becomes a great friend of Gatsby)Read MoreHills Like White Elephants : A Critical Analysis1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. 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The Effects of Psychotherapies-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Psychotherapies. Answer: Human society has advanced significantly along the past years; however mental illnesses are still considered and treated as a societal taboo. Despite the fact that many of the mentally ill individuals are treated differently and are looked down upon by the majority of the human society mental illness still prevails to be one of the largest Healthcare problems in our civilization. Moreover unlike any other Health Care problems, the stigmatization and societal labelling makes it much worse for the mentally ill to cope with the restriction that mental illness and disability poses on the daily lifestyle (Abbass et al., 2014). Nowadays however mental illnesses are also considered to be a public health priority. With the first majority of the Cosmopolitan population suffering with some or the other manifestation of mental illnesses the World Health authorities have taken the problem of mental disorders much more seriously that it was ever before. Nowadays there are many treatment options available for mental disorders and one of the most abundantly used and most effective one of them are mental therapies. Mental health therapies or psychotherapies are therapeutic treatment options for restoring back the mental health of a mentally disabled individual. Out of all the psychotherapies available for mental disorders, cognitive behavioural therapy and exposure therapy is concerned to be the best options for many mental disorders. This assignment will compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of both these therapies and discuss the usage of the therapies in the context of different mental health disor ders (Craske et al., 2014). Studies have suggested that psychotic therapies or mental health therapies are the one of the most reliable options for the mentally ill to attain support and counselling in individual or group setting. It has also been established that the mental therapy is not only effective in treating the mental disorders that the patient might be suffering with but it also calms the agitation of the individual and helps them restored their perfect mental health. Mental therapies have originated long before in order to help the mental patients deal with the restrictions and suffering of mental health and have now evolved into various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment measures to help them not only cope with the mental disorder that also heal the mental disorders. Hence different conventional and more contemporary mental health therapies have become the first choice for treatment in case of a mental disorder or a mentally disabled patient for the psychiatrists (Cuijpers et al., 201 4). Cognitive behavioural therapy is the oldest psychotherapy that is still in abundant use in the current age. The philosophical origin of the therapy can be traced back to the stoic philanthropists and their practice in the field of psychology. As the precursors of the integral elements of this particular therapy can be traced back to the ancient philanthropical practices of stoicism, cognitive behavioural therapy is considered to be as old as stoicism is. Stock philanthropist used to establish logic in order to defy any false beliefs of superstitions and this is what has founded the principal element of cognitive behavioural therapy where the psychiatrist or therapist continues to deal with depression and anxiety and all the factors related to it with logic and scientific reasoning. John Stuart Mill is the key stoic philanthropist who is considered to be the founder of the basic principles of cognitive behavioural therapy (Elliott et al., 2013). The very basic integral elements of a cognitive behavioural therapy are the combination of behaviour in the association with cognitive physiology and psychology. Amalgamation of behaviour with cognitive development makes it different from any other historical approach to psychotherapy. For instance in case of psychoanalytical approach the therapist for unconscious meaning behind the abnormal behaviour of the patience and we'll attend to reduce the cause of abnormality from there on. on the other hand the cognitive behaviour therapy is much more focused on problems based and action oriented outcomes. Moreover cognitive behavioural therapy is founded on the principle that the main adaptive features of thoughts and behaviour play a fundamental role in the establishment and development of psychological disorders. According to the theory, symptoms and syndromes associated with the disorder can be reduced by facilitating new information processing skills and coping mechanisms in the patien t by the help of cognitive behavioural therapy (Lilienfeld et al., 2014). On the other hand exposure therapy is considered to be a technique that is used to treat anxiety disorders by exposure to the cause of distress of the patient. On a more elaborative note, while exercising this particular therapy the patients are encouraged to expose themselves to the fear of phobia in a context devoid of danger, to overcome the anxiety and the distress symptoms associated with it. The origin of exposure therapy might not be traced back as ancient as the origin of cognitive behavioural therapy. However this particular therapy had been in use from the last 70 years. The exposure therapy was first established in the 1950, when the western psychological practice was predominantly influenced by psychodynamic views. James T Taylor was the first Psychologist in the department of University of Cape Town in South Africa who used exposure therapy as a psychotherapy measure for the first time on a patient in the form a medical trial. Along the years various divergent variations of exposure therapy has been developed such as systematic desensitization, flooding, implosive therapy, prolonged exposure therapy, in vivo exposure therapy and imaginative exposure therapy. The basic principle of exposure therapy is founded on respondent conditioning, a term that is also known as pavlovian extinction (Rothbaum et al., 2014). In exposure therapy the psychiatrist is known to identify the cognition, emotion and psychological arousal that is associated with the fear induced stimulus or phobia and then by the application atoms to break the pattern of escape that manages and maintains the fear and its development. In order to serve this purpose the patient is exposed to progressively stronger fear inducing stimulus and in each step the accumulation of fear is minimised step by step in a steady escalation and hierarchical challenging pattern that can be escalated until the fear is completely disappeared. There is considered to be three types of a particular exposure ther apy, the first type is considered to be in vivo or in the sense real world or real life fear exposure. In this particular type the patient is exposed to actual for inducing situation which triggers original fear induced Stimuli and its response in the patient. For instance if a person is afraid of Darkness and loneliness the person may be asked to be locked up in a room that is dark and completely lonely for a short period of time. As time goes and the patient is slowly and steadily adjusted to the exposure the exposure intensity or concentration is increased bit by bit to eradicate the fear and its components from the site of the patient step by step. In the second type of exposure therapy the exposure is imaginary for instance the patient in this case and asks to imagine a situation that involves the specific element that they have a phobia of. This particular therapy is best suited for patients who have a fear of thoughts or a particular memory (Rothbaum et al., 2014). Third and very last type of exposure therapy is the interoceptive approach patients are interested to confront their body symptoms has increased heart rate or shortness of breath on any other disorder and the specific disorders that are reduced step by step by these particular symptoms. Both therapies are considered equivalent in reducing the symptoms of mental disorders and using behavioural characteristics to it. Just as exposure therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy has distinct and articulated steps to it as well. For instance the step 1 of a mainstream cognitive behavioural therapy is identification of critical behaviours. This is the state where the therapist recognises anomaly in the behaviour statistics and characteristics of the patient (Sayer et al., 2013). The second step is to determine whether the abnormal are critical behaviour are in excess or are in deficit. This is a stage where the therapist has to evaluate whether or not the anomaly to the behaviour of the patient is past the threshold of mental illness and what intensity to the anomaly is being represented. The third step to the cognitive behavioural therapy is the evaluation of the intensity of the critical behaviour in parameters of frequency duration and baseline. The final and last step is p lanning and implementation of an attempt as a strategic plan to decrease the frequency duration and intensity of the anomalous behaviour in the mental patient. Therefore following the sample for steps at her place is able to identify the abnormal behaviour and the patient, determine the intensity of it, figure out the cause and attempt strategic options to decrease the development of the anomalous behaviour. Therefore it can be concluded that based on this 4 steps of a traditional unorthodox cognitive behavioural therapy there are 6 distinct phases of this particular treatment. The first phase is psychological assessment, followed by reconceptualization, acquisition of skills, concentration of skills, generalization and maintenance, and lastly post-treatment assessment follow up (Sayer et al., 2013). This therapy is by far the most abundantly used psychotherapy in the medical treatment for mental disorders in centuries and this treatment has proved to be the most effective in managi ng if not completely eradicating most of the mental disorders successfully. In the last phase of this discussion, it can be considered that both the therapies are extremely efficient in treating the particular mental disorder that it targets. Where cognitive behavioural therapy is associated with the mainstream mental disorders accompanied by behavioural and cognitive abnormality in the mental patients. The exposure therapy is focused on the patients who are dealing with anxiety and post traumatic stress related mental problems. Though the therapies have been extremely efficient in diminishing and managing the symptoms of the mental disorder it is programmed to combat. And both the therapies have been abundantly used in the field of medical psychiatry (Weisz et al., 2015). Critically evaluating and contrasting both therapies it can be said that there are no really controversially harmful disadvantages of cognitive behavioural therapy. However in case of exposure therapy, exposing the patience to the one element is here the most and are suffering from the mental disorder from can be a trigger to more psychotic damage. It is common knowledge in psychiatry that every mind is different and each mind runs in a particular and unique pattern. Hence it cannot be generalized that exposing a particular patient for a particular kind of fear will always work for the benefit of the patient, in some cases where the patients are vulnerable and much more sensitive this exposure therapy can turn detrimental in no time. However with cognitive behavioural therapy there are no chances of a sensitive or vulnerable mind of a mental patient to be triggered for more damage. Taking assistance from the literature previously population studies have attempted to evaluate and cont rast the efficiency of both the therapies in the world of psychiatry. In the example of post traumatic stress disorder patients as discovered in the study of Horesh et al, the efficacy of both the treatment therapy when tested on the population of refugees dealing with post traumatic stress disorder (Horesh et al., 2016). The results indicated that both treatments resulted in impressive improvements when tested on all parameters however the percentage of success for cognitive behavioural therapy was a bit more than its counterpart. Hence it can be concluded that both exposure therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy can be equally effective in dealing with mental disorders that are fuelled by trauma or past stressful events however care should be taken that the mental vulnerability of the patient is always prioritised and the therapy is customised to the needs of the particular patient and his or her mental condition. References: Abbass, A. A., Kisely, S. R., Town, J. M., Leichsenring, F., Driessen, E., De Maat, S., ... Crowe, E. (2014). Short?term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders.The Cochrane Library. Craske, M. G., Treanor, M., Conway, C. C., Zbozinek, T., Vervliet, B. (2014). Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach.Behaviour research and therapy,58, 10-23. Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Weitz, E., Andersson, G., Hollon, S. D., van Straten, A. (2014). The effects of psychotherapies for major depression in adults on remission, recovery and improvement: a meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders,159, 118-126. DEMNER, A. R. (2016). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.Pocket Guide to Addiction Assessment and Treatment, 259. Ehde, D. M., Dillworth, T. M., Turner, J. A. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with chronic pain: Efficacy, innovations, and directions for research.American Psychologist,69(2), 153. Elliott, R., Greenberg, L. S., Watson, J. C., Timulak, L., Freire, E. (2013). Research on humanistic-experiential psychotherapies. Horesh, D., Qian, M., Freedman, S., Shalev, A. (2016). Differential effect of exposure?based therapy and cognitive therapy on post?traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters: A randomized controlled trial.Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. Karlin, B. E., Cross, G. (2014). From the laboratory to the therapy room: national dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychotherapies in the US Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System.American Psychologist,69(1), 19. Lilienfeld, S. O., Ritschel, L. A., Lynn, S. J., Cautin, R. L., Latzman, R. D. (2014). Why ineffective psychotherapies appear to work: A taxonomy of causes of spurious therapeutic effectiveness.Perspectives on Psychological Science,9(4), 355-387. Poulsen, S., Lunn, S., Daniel, S. I., Folke, S., Mathiesen, B. B., Katznelson, H., Fairburn, C. G. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa.American Journal of Psychiatry,171(1), 109-116. Rothbaum, B. O., Price, M., Jovanovic, T., Norrholm, S. D., Gerardi, M., Dunlop, B., ... Ressler, K. J. (2014). A randomized, double-blind evaluation of D-cycloserine or alprazolam combined with virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans.American Journal of Psychiatry,171(6), 640-648. Sayer, N. A., Rosen, C. S., Bernardy, N. C., Cook, J. M., Orazem, R. J., Chard11, K. M., ... Ruzek, J. I. (2017). Context Matters: Team and Organizational Factors Associated with Reach of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for PTSD in the Veterans Health Administration. Weisz, J. R., Krumholz, L. S., Santucci, L., Thomassin, K., Ng, M. Y. (2015). Shrinking the gap between research and practice: Tailoring and testing youth psychotherapies in clinical care contexts.Annual Review of Clinical Psychology,11, 139-163. Weisz, J. R., Kuppens, S., Eckshtain, D., Ugueto, A. M., Hawley, K. M., Jensen-Doss, A. (2013). Performance of evidence-based youth psychotherapies compared with usual clinical care: a multilevel meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry,70(7), 750-761. Wells, R. A., Giannetti, V. J. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of the brief psychotherapies. Springer